Kishan Narayan (Northeastern University) and Anagha Pradeep (Jawaharlal Nehru University) have posted The Frozen Constituency: Delayed Delimitation and Denied Representation of SCs and STs (61 Economic & Political Weekly 42 (2026)) on SSRN. Here is the abstract:
The Indian Constitution’s promise of proportional political representation for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes has been systematically undermined by the delimitation freeze imposed in 1976. Our analysis, drawing on census data, population projections, and counterfactual modelling, quantifies a substantial representation deficit. A mere unfreezing of the process is insufficient. A legitimate redressal requires a two-pronged approach: implementing a one-time corrective to bridge the historical SC/ST representation gap and reformulating Parliament to address federal concerns.
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